Why does cataracts occur and what are the incidence rates?;
Although cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, there are still many myths about its causes and treatment. Cataracts usually occur after the age of 60 years.
At European level, about 50% of people aged 64-75 years have cataracts, while at the age of 75 years and above, cataracts have occurred in 70%.
American ophthalmologists say that cataracts cannot be prevented, but they can be treated.The best way to ensure that vision remains normal for life is to have regular check-ups with an eye doctor. In fact, more than 90% of people who undergo cataract surgery have regained their vision.
Cataracts are a natural consequence of the ageing of the eye. As the lens of the eye, (which is behind the pupil) grows, its cells die and accumulate, causing a yellowing and clouding of its surface. The result is blurred vision and «fuzzy» images. Cataracts can also be caused by injury to the eye, by the use of certain drugs (cortisone) and by diabetes mellitus. In the early stages of cataracts, bright light and the use of glasses can reduce the problems caused by the disorder. However, after a certain point, surgical removal is a one-way street in order to improve patients' vision.
The 5 most common myths about cataracts
Myth No. 1:
There are eye drops that can prevent or dissolve cataracts.
Really: NO. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved drops that cure or delay the onset of cataracts. Some such products claim that they can prevent cataracts. However, as mentioned, its formation is a natural part of the aging of the eye. Also, there are products that claim that they can dissolve cataracts. However, since cataracts are not a «substance», there is nothing for the drops to dissolve.
Myth number 2:
Close work such as reading and sewing makes the cataract worse.
Really: NO. Cataracts are not caused by how people use their eyes. However, symptoms may become more noticeable during close work. A typical symptom is the need for more light in order to do the same activities as efficiently as before.
Myth number 3:
Cataracts are reversible.
Really: NO. The lens of the eye becomes blurred as it ages. This process is inevitable. However, the progression can be slowed down by stopping smoking, eating a balanced diet and wearing sunglasses with 100% UVA and UVB protection.
Myth #4:
Surgical removal of cataracts is risky and the recovery of vision takes many months.
Really: NO. Cataract removal surgery is one of the safest and most sophisticated procedures in medicine, with a 95% success rate. Of course, as with any surgery, risks do exist and should be discussed with the doctor before making a decision and undergoing the procedure. Patients should avoid bending over and lifting weights for approximately 20 days. They should also not rub their operated eye. A return to daily life can begin the next day (after the protective cover placed by the surgeon has been removed). Cataract patients usually notice an improvement in their vision immediately after surgery, while others may notice more gradual improvement a few months later.
Myth number 5:
The cataract after surgical removal reappears.
Really: NO. Cataracts develop when lens cells die and accumulate. However, a different form of blurred vision, called secondary cataracts, can develop. This occurs when the membrane that holds the new implant (the artificial lens placed in the operating room) becomes cloudy. This condition can lead to blurred vision, but it is easily, quickly and painlessly treated with a laser that breaks and removes the membrane that has formed. This laser can be performed in the doctor's office.
