{"id":1648,"date":"2016-08-18T09:00:33","date_gmt":"2016-08-18T07:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magenta-gull-175109.hostingersite.com\/oi-vlaveres-epiptoseis-tou-iliou-sta-matia-mas\/"},"modified":"2016-08-18T09:00:33","modified_gmt":"2016-08-18T07:00:33","slug":"oi-vlaveres-epiptoseis-tou-iliou-sta-matia-mas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/myretina.gr\/en\/oi-vlaveres-epiptoseis-tou-iliou-sta-matia-mas\/","title":{"rendered":"The harmful effects of the sun on our eyes"},"content":{"rendered":"

The sun is undoubtedly a source of life for all of us. However, the solar radiation<\/strong> can be harmful and destructive, both for our skin and our eyes. In fact, the degree of danger has increased in recent decades due to the depletion of ozone in the atmosphere, where more and more ultraviolet radiation is entering the Earth.<\/p>\n

\u0397 solar radiation<\/strong> consists of infrared, ultraviolet (UV) and high energy rays<\/strong> that belong to the visible spectrum (i.e. are perceived by us). These rays cause damage to both the outer lining of the eye and the retina in which the image we see is reflected.<\/p>\n

The harmful effects of solar radiation are cumulative, i.e. they add up year by year. Studies report that more than 90% of skin cancers are due to solar UV radiation and are related to the number of sunburns a person experiences in their lifetime.<\/p>\n

It is a fact that we can reduce the penetration of solar radiation into our eyes in several ways, such as reflexively closing the pupil to bright light or voluntarily closing the eyelids. However, this can happen in conditions of intense visible light. These mechanisms cannot be triggered by exposure to UV radiation, which may still be at high levels even on cloudy days. We therefore understand that these \"natural defences\" against UV radiation are limited.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Carcinoma of the lower eyelid<\/h2>\n

In more detail, due to the solar radiation in the eyelids<\/strong> there is aging of the thin skin in the surrounding area (appearance of wrinkles). However, they may also appear cancerous lesions (carcinoma or melanoma)<\/strong> (Figure 1). According to the international literature, in most cases melanomas can occur on the lower eyelid, which receives the most solar radiation. Signs<\/strong> that might alarm you are:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Inflammation of the eyelashes that persists despite the treatment you are following.<\/li>\n
  2. Unexplained loss of eyelashes.<\/li>\n
  3. Eyelid area that may bleed frequently and does not disappear<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    In these cases, even if you do not feel discomfort despite the above symptoms, it is advisable to visit your ophthalmologist.<\/p>\n

    \""karkinoma.png"\"Figure 1: Lower eyelid carcinoma<\/p>\n

    Apart from cancer of the eyelids (outside the eye), melanoma inside the eye is also extremely dangerous (endovascular melanoma<\/strong>). Although rare, it is considered the most common type of eye cancer in adults. It affects the choroid (a choroid with many blood vessels), which is located behind the retina and the iris (the coloured part of the eye). Symptoms of intraocular melanoma include blurred vision, a change in the shape of the pupil or a black mark on the iris. However, it is important to emphasise that in many cases melanoma is diagnosed on random screening because of its peripheral location. Regular preventive (annual) eye check-ups are essential in these cases, as if melanoma appears or grows, it is already too late.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    Photokeratitis<\/h2>\n

    \u0397 photokeratitis<\/strong> is an inflammation of the cornea (a transparent membrane at the front of the eye, where light rays enter the eye and pass through the other parts until they reach the retina). Within a few hours of exposure to solar radiation, photokeratitis can occur (Figure 2). It is very common in skiers and climbers who are exposed to high levels of UV radiation due to high altitude and high reflectivity of ground radiation (e.g. snow). Similar problems can occur at sea (e.g. sailors), due to the reflection of the sun's rays in the water. Photokeratitis is quite painful, but does not seem to have irreversible effects on vision. Side effects of photokeratitis include chronic discomfort of the front surface of the eye, such as lacrimation.<\/p>\n

    \""fotokeratitida.png"\"Figure 2: Photokeratitis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    Waterfall<\/h2>\n

    \u039f\u00a0waterfall<\/strong> is directly related to exposure to ultraviolet radiation and is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Long-term exposure to the sun affects the clarity of the crystalline lens, which gradually becomes cloudy and yellow, making it difficult for the patient to focus. According to studies, up to 20% of cataract cases can be caused by overexposure to UV radiation (especially UVB) and are therefore preventable.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    Age-related macular degeneration<\/h2>\n

    \u0397 age-related macular degeneration<\/strong> is a degenerative condition affecting people over the age of 50 (Figure 3). The macula is a small area of cells in the centre of the retina that absorb light (visual information), convert it into an electrical signal, and then this information is transferred to the brain for processing. The macular region is responsible for central, sharp and colour vision. Macular degeneration corresponds to an alteration of our central vision, which means that the patient cannot read or see the features of a face. Factors that can lead to macular degeneration are advanced age, diet, smoking, and a positive family history. However, studies attest that long-term exposure to sunlight, specifically ultraviolet A (UVA) and blue light in the visible spectrum, is also a predisposing factor for the development of the disease. The accumulation of solar radiation over the years increases the rate at which the disease will occur at age 3.<\/p>\n

    \""oxra.png"\"Figure 3: Age-related macular degeneration<\/p>\n

    The damage caused to the retinal tissue is irreversible, as it gradually clouds the patient's focus and is then replaced by an extensive scotoma (black area of the visual field with low sensitivity). The patient with age-related macular degeneration retains peripheral vision (e.g. to move around the house and on the street), but legally becomes blind.<\/p>\n

    It is also important to avoid direct observation of the sun without sunglasses with protective filters at any time of the day, even during a solar eclipse, as macular burn can be caused.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    Solar pallor<\/h2>\n

    \u0397 solar pallor<\/strong> Concerns retinal damage<\/strong>, (specifically the macula), which results from prolonged exposure to sunlight (Figure 4). Absorption of ultraviolet radiation is also in this case responsible for this condition. Disturbing symptoms include blurred vision, a central or peripheral scotoma, photophobia and even headache.<\/p>\n

    \""oxropathia.png"\"Figure 4: Bottom with solar bleaching<\/p>\n

    Symptoms can appear in either one eye or both. We note that even a short exposure to the sun, of one minute, can cause significant damage to the retina. Solar maculopathy can cause irreversible damage to vision.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    Ways of protection<\/h2>\n

    \u0397 protecting our eyes<\/strong> from solar radiation should be observed in all months of the year. It is necessary to wear sunglasses with special protective filters, both for ultraviolet radiation and for dangerous blue light, which causes damage to the retina. Remember that you should only buy your sunglasses from optical shops and not from street vendors. It is also important to wear a brimmed hat in the summer months (especially for the elderly and children) for broader protection from the sun's rays. Furthermore, the area around the eyes also needs care, where we recommend that patients use special hypoallergenic sunscreens, which protect our eye area and eyelids.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":216,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-5"],"yoast_head":"\u039f\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 • myRetina \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u039f\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf - \u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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